Arthritis is a broad term encompassing over 100 different types of joint diseases and conditions. It primarily affects the joints, where two bones meet, causing inflammation, pain, stiffness, and swelling. The most common forms are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease typically associated with aging. It occurs when the cartilage, the protective tissue at the ends of bones, wears down over time. This leads to bones rubbing against each other, resulting in pain and decreased mobility. Commonly affected joints include the knees, hips, hands, and spine.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), on the other hand, is an autoimmune disorder. The immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium, the lining of the membranes that surround the joints. This causes inflammation that can damage cartilage and bones, potentially leading to joint deformity. RA can affect various joints in the body simultaneously and is often symmetrical, meaning if one knee or hand is affected, the other one usually is too.

Symptoms of arthritis can vary depending on the type but generally include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion. In RA, systemic symptoms such as fatigue, fever, and loss of appetite can also occur.

Management and treatment options for arthritis focus on alleviating symptoms and improving joint function. They can include medications like pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, lifestyle changes such as weight management and exercise, and in severe cases, surgical interventions like joint replacement. Early diagnosis and tailored treatment plans are crucial for effectively managing arthritis and maintaining a good quality of life.

Understanding the specific type of arthritis and its underlying causes is essential for developing an appropriate treatment strategy and preventing further joint damage.